Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate?

The conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the citric acid cycle, facilitating an important oxidative decarboxylation reaction. During this process, isocitrate is oxidized, leading to the release of carbon dioxide and the reduction of NAD+ to NADH.

This step is critically important for the cycle as it generates NADH, which contributes to the proton gradient used in ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation. The production of alpha-ketoglutarate also represents a significant metabolic junction, as it can be further metabolized or used in various biosynthetic pathways. Understanding the function of isocitrate dehydrogenase is essential, as it links the central metabolic pathways of respiration and the utilization of energy in cells.