What type of amino acids can be converted into ketone bodies?

The correct answer focuses on ketogenic amino acids, which are specifically those that can be converted into ketone bodies during metabolic processes. Ketogenic amino acids, such as leucine and lysine, are directly involved in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA or acetoacetate, which are precursors for ketone body formation.

When the body's carbohydrate supply is low, such as during fasting or prolonged exercise, these amino acids can be used for energy production by being converted into ketone bodies. This is a crucial metabolic pathway, especially for the brain and other tissues that can utilize ketones as an alternative energy source when glucose levels are insufficient.

In contrast, glycogenic amino acids are those that can be converted into glucose via gluconeogenesis but do not contribute to ketone body synthesis. Branched-chain amino acids, while important for muscle metabolism, primarily serve as precursors for energy and protein synthesis rather than as direct sources for ketone body formation. Essential amino acids refer to those that must be obtained from the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body, but they include both ketogenic and non-ketogenic types. Thus, focusing on the specific role of ketogenic amino acids clarifies why this answer is the correct choice.